01 · criminal
Targeted judicial intervention
The criminal court can intervene in a qualifying legal person or defined unit to protect workers or creditors: CP 31 bis/33.7(g), LECrim 544 quater.
Threshold / limit: Requires entity/offence attribution, a party application, hearing and proportionality. No automatic or generic ex parte hotel takeover.
Código Penal · arts. 31 bis, 33.7(g), 109–129, 408 · LECrim · arts. 105, 262, 282, 456, 544 quater, 588 octies, 589, 764, 803 ter
02 · criminal
Early restraint for confiscation
A competent court can seize or attach identified property/value from the initial investigative steps under CP 127 octies.
Threshold / limit: Show the recoverable-property hypothesis and preservation need; restraint is not guilt or final confiscation.
Código Penal · arts. 31 bis, 33.7(g), 109–129, 408 · LECrim · arts. 105, 262, 282, 456, 544 quater, 588 octies, 589, 764, 803 ter
03 · criminal
Security for financial liability
LECrim 589 and 764 provide security/attachment routes for properly identified pecuniary liabilities in the criminal case.
Threshold / limit: Civil liability within criminal proceedings is distinct from confiscation and from a separate civil action; avoid double recovery.
LECrim · arts. 105, 262, 282, 456, 544 quater, 588 octies, 589, 764, 803 ter · Código Penal · arts. 31 bis, 33.7(g), 109–129, 408
04 · criminal
ORGA tracing and management
ORGA can locate value and, when lawfully entrusted, conserve, administer and realise seized assets and income.
Threshold / limit: It assists justice; it does not independently decide guilt or permit a ministry to take over a hotel group.
Real Decreto 948/2015
05 · supervision
CNMV intervention or replacement
Ley 22/2014 art.102 imports Ley 35/2003 arts.72–75 for covered entities. Assess exceptional gravity or statutory accounting uncertainty.
Threshold / limit: Registration alone does not meet the threshold. Address hearing, the narrow urgency exception, BOE/registry publication and the broad approval effects of art.74.
Ley 22/2014 · arts. 85–86, 102 · Ley 35/2003 · arts. 70–75
06 · public-funds
Tax-enforcement business intervener
LGT 170.5 permits an official administrator/intervener in a qualifying business attachment where existing management threatens solvency.
Threshold / limit: Requires the particular tax-enforcement conditions and hearing; not a general monitor on allegation alone.
Ley 58/2003 · arts. 81, 93–95, 114, 170.5, 250 y ss.
07 · public-funds
Grant verification and recovery
The competent awarding/control body can verify expenditure, employment and other award conditions and pursue recovery on established legal grounds.
Threshold / limit: Award, payment, compliance, EU contribution and fraud are separate questions. Tax relief and public credit have distinct regimes.
Ley 38/2003 · arts. 14, 30, 32, 34.4, 35, 37, 44–49 · Regulation (EU) 2021/1060 · programme-specific scope
08 · public-funds
Retention of unpaid grants
LGS 35 provides reasoned retention of unpaid amounts within its recovery-procedure and preservation conditions.
Threshold / limit: Apply proportionality, duration and security alternatives. LGS 34.4 may affect advances after judicial intervention: test the liquidity impact.
Ley 38/2003 · arts. 14, 30, 32, 34.4, 35, 37, 44–49
09 · evidence
SEPBLAC financial intelligence
SEPBLAC analyses qualifying reports and shares intelligence through authorised channels; the FTF identifies account relationships.
Threshold / limit: Intelligence is not automatically trial evidence; FTF is not a complete bank-statement database and SAIP does not disclose confidential reports.
Ley 10/2010 · arts. 17–25, 43, 46–47
10 · evidence
Ownership and control reconciliation
Authorised access can reconcile beneficial ownership, shares, title, charges, accounts and management in fact.
Threshold / limit: Current registry data cannot be back-projected; branding, Catastro and civil title are not interchangeable.
Ministerio de Justicia · Registro Central de Titularidades Reales · LECrim · arts. 105, 262, 282, 456, 544 quater, 588 octies, 589, 764, 803 ter
11 · criminal
Ordinary proceeds confiscation
CP 127 governs legally qualifying effects, instruments and gains, including transformed proceeds.
Threshold / limit: Identify the offence/property connection. A later company name neither proves illegality nor ends the tracing enquiry.
Código Penal · arts. 31 bis, 33.7(g), 109–129, 408
12 · criminal
Equivalent-value confiscation
CP 127.3 and 127 septies may reach substitute assets up to the legally determined equivalent where statutory recovery conditions apply.
Threshold / limit: Identify the correct liable patrimony; no collective seizure of all associates or multiplication of recovery.
Código Penal · arts. 31 bis, 33.7(g), 109–129, 408
13 · criminal
Extended confiscation
CP 127 bis and 127 quinquies–sexies provide specific extended-confiscation regimes and evidential rules.
Threshold / limit: Check offence, factual indicators, presumptions and rebuttal. Not a general unexplained-wealth power over an entire family.
Código Penal · arts. 31 bis, 33.7(g), 109–129, 408
14 · criminal
Third-party confiscation
CP 127 quater addresses qualifying transfers to third parties with the relevant knowledge/suspicion conditions or statutory presumptions.
Threshold / limit: Protect hearing and good-faith rights; a lender, employee, supplier or investor is not automatically a knowing recipient.
Código Penal · arts. 31 bis, 33.7(g), 109–129, 408 · LECrim · arts. 105, 262, 282, 456, 544 quater, 588 octies, 589, 764, 803 ter
15 · criminal
Confiscation without conviction in limited cases
CP 127 ter and the LECrim 803 ter procedure apply only in their specified circumstances and with required judicial findings.
Threshold / limit: Not an automatic substitute for an archived complaint, insufficient evidence or inconvenient ordinary prosecution.
Código Penal · arts. 31 bis, 33.7(g), 109–129, 408 · LECrim · arts. 105, 262, 282, 456, 544 quater, 588 octies, 589, 764, 803 ter
16 · cross-border
Spain–Germany evidence order
A competent authority can issue/validate a necessary and proportionate European Investigation Order for specified evidence.
Threshold / limit: Not private discovery, not itself a joint investigation team and not the route for new UK requests.
Ley 23/2014 · título X
17 · cross-border
Cross-border freezing and confiscation
Regulation 2018/1805 recognises qualifying criminal orders between participating states, with the required certificate and safeguards.
Threshold / limit: Issuing, transmitting, recognising and executing are different states; do not describe cooperation as a completed freeze.
Regulation (EU) 2018/1805
18 · cross-border
EPPO investigation
EPPO investigates/prosecutes qualifying offences affecting EU financial interests within its material, temporal and territorial/personal scope.
Threshold / limit: EU State-aid approval, Spanish RIC tax relief and national SEPI/WSF credit are not automatically EU-budget expenditure.
Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 · arts. 22–25, 31–32, 120
19 · public-funds
OLAF and programme audit
OLAF and competent fund bodies can investigate administratively, reconcile expenditure and recommend recovery or criminal referral.
Threshold / limit: OLAF does not convict, confiscate or run hotels. Use the regulation applicable to the actual programme period.
OLAF · reporting and competence · Regulation (EU) 2021/1060 · programme-specific scope · Ley 38/2003 · arts. 14, 30, 32, 34.4, 35, 37, 44–49
20 · cross-border
UK management receivership comparator
In England and Wales a Crown Court management receiver under POCA ss.48–49 can preserve a restrained business's value.
Threshold / limit: This is the researched functional analogy, not a generic special-administration regime for hotels or an automatically available Spanish remedy.
CPS · Proceeds of Crime · POCA ss. 48–49
21 · cross-border
Spain–UK mutual legal assistance
Use the appropriate post-Brexit MLA/TCA route for identified UK evidence, property and qualifying orders.
Threshold / limit: Verify England/Wales, Northern Ireland or Scotland allocation. Aweswell's incorporation alone does not establish jurisdiction over every Spanish act.
UK Central Authority · mutual legal assistance
22 · cross-border
German investigation and asset arrest
Competent German prosecutors/courts investigate relevant facts and may secure value under the StPO/StGB conditions.
Threshold / limit: Separate each debtor/estate and actual German offence nexus; group insolvency is not a Sun Park causal finding.
StPO §160 · investigation of inculpatory and exculpatory facts · StPO §111e · Vermögensarrest · StGB §73 · Einziehung
23 · cross-border
Operational asset-tracing support
Europol Project A.S.S.E.T. and designated ARO/CARIN contacts support competent-authority tracing and cooperation.
Threshold / limit: These are not citizen-commanded seizure services and do not replace the domestic legal order.
Europol · Project A.S.S.E.T. · Real Decreto 948/2015
24 · criminal
Restitution and recovery accounting
Reconcile return of property, compensation, confiscation, tax/grant recovery and estate rights with their separate legal bases.
Threshold / limit: Confiscation does not automatically transfer assets to Gil or Aweswell. Identify rightful claimant, priority and amounts already recovered.
Código Penal · arts. 31 bis, 33.7(g), 109–129, 408 · Ley 4/2015 · arts. 2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 18 · Regulation (EU) 2018/1805
25 · rights
Lawful information and response
A correctly classified application can seek the receipt, referral information, decision or access available under its actual procedure.
Threshold / limit: No universal deadline, party status, right to secret material or right to a favourable outcome arises from merely reporting.
Ley 19/2013 · arts. 12, 14–16, 20, 24 · Ley 12/2014 de Canarias · arts. 46, 53 · LO 4/2001 · arts. 1–3, 6–12 · Ley 39/2015 · arts. 4, 16.8, 21, 53, 62 · Ley 2/2023 · arts. 2–3, 9, 17–20, 24, 35–36; DA 6
26 · rights
Review of alleged unlawful omission
Establish notice/knowledge, competent duty, required act, timing and the mental element under the chosen administrative, disciplinary or criminal route.
Threshold / limit: CP 408 requires intentional breach of the duty to promote prosecution. A lawful archive, secrecy or disagreement is not automatically criminal omission.
Código Penal · arts. 31 bis, 33.7(g), 109–129, 408 · Ley 50/1981 · arts. 3–5, 19 · Ley 39/2015 · arts. 4, 16.8, 21, 53, 62
27 · cross-border
Joint investigation team
Competent authorities can agree purpose, scope, participants, duration and evidence handling, with Eurojust support where appropriate.
Threshold / limit: A citizen's unitary theory does not create a team or merge every criminal docket and insolvency estate.
Eurojust · joint investigation teams · UK Central Authority · mutual legal assistance
28 · supervision
Inter-agency preservation protocol
Public bodies can define lawful custody, assistance, referrals and named responsibilities within their existing powers.
Threshold / limit: A Canary/State coordination group acquires no free-standing power to monitor a private company without a separate legal gateway.
Ley 40/2015 · arts. 140–144 · Ley 50/1981 · arts. 3–5, 19
29 · evidence
Urgent specified digital preservation
LECrim 588 octies empowers Fiscalía or Judicial Police to require protection of specified stored data pending judicial disclosure authorisation: up to 90 days, one extension within 180.
Threshold / limit: CNMV cannot issue this criminal order. Preservation is not disclosure, interception or indiscriminate access; a citizen email does not start the statutory period.
LECrim · arts. 105, 262, 282, 456, 544 quater, 588 octies, 589, 764, 803 ter
30 · evidence
Forensic accounting and valuation
LECrim 456 ff. supports expert examination of transactions, values, losses, mixed funds and alternative explanations.
Threshold / limit: Specify source data, method, conflicts, assumptions and challenge rights. An expert opinion is not a judicial finding.
LECrim · arts. 105, 262, 282, 456, 544 quater, 588 octies, 589, 764, 803 ter
31 · criminal
Structures without legal personality
CP 129 supplies limited ancillary consequences and interim intervention routes for qualifying non-personified entities and offences.
Threshold / limit: First establish legal nature and statutory offence coverage. Do not automatically apply to every owners' community or exploitation arrangement.
Código Penal · arts. 31 bis, 33.7(g), 109–129, 408
32 · supervision
CNMV records and inspection
Ley 22/2014 arts.85–86 and incorporated Ley 35/2003 arts.70–70 bis provide the supervisory information/inspection framework.
Threshold / limit: Identify the regulated subject, precise records, lawful purpose and limits. Preserve relevant CNMV-held records separately from requests to others.
Ley 22/2014 · arts. 85–86, 102 · Ley 35/2003 · arts. 70–75
33 · supervision
CNMV request for judicial asset protection
Ley 22/2014 art.86.1(d) expressly includes recourse to competent courts to request attachment or freezing of assets.
Threshold / limit: Assess the competent court, procedural gateway, property and threshold. This is not direct unlimited confiscation by CNMV.
Ley 22/2014 · arts. 85–86, 102
34 · supervision
Statutory publication of intervention
An intervention/replacement decision under the imported regime is immediately enforceable and must be published in BOE and registered in Registro Mercantil: art.73.3.
Threshold / limit: The decision has not been identified here as granted. Publication governs third-party effects; art.74 has broad approval consequences, not merely a soft monitor.
Ley 22/2014 · arts. 85–86, 102 · Ley 35/2003 · arts. 70–75 · Ley 6/2023 · arts. 233, 243–244
35 · supervision
Protective disclosure and supervisory secrecy
Assess legally permitted non-confidential notices and, where its issuer/market/materiality scope applies, disclosure under Ley 6/2023 art.243. Retain art.233 secrecy and lawful exchange conditions.
Threshold / limit: SCR registration alone does not establish a listed issuer or require publication of a confidential investigation. Distinguish public decisions from protected investigative methods.
Ley 6/2023 · arts. 233, 243–244